Thursday, 15 November 2012

Hanged or hung?

Is hung the past participle of hang?

In a sense, yes, but that's only half correct.

In English, most verbs have only one past tense form regardless of their senses. For example, the past tense of run is ran and that's the only past tense form. This fact is extended wrongly to hang so that we get the following misconception:

Base formPast tensePast Participle
hanghangedhung

Consequently, we frequently see mistakes such as the following:

(1) *She hanged the clothes out to dry.
(2) *The man was said to have hung himself.
(3) *He hanged out with some friends.
(4) *I panicked when my computer hanged.

But the word hang behaves differently from other verbs. Depending on the meaning, the verb has two past tense forms instead of the usual one.

If hang is used to refer to kill by hanging, the past tense and past participle forms are both hanged.

For all other senses, hung is the past tense and past participle of hang. Thus, the correct representation of hang is as follows:

Base formMeaningPast tensePast participle
hangto kill by hanginghangedhanged
hangall other senses of hanghunghung

The erroneous sentences above are corrected as follows:

(1a) She hung the clothes out to dry.
(2a) The man was said to have hanged himself.
(3a) He hung out with some friends.
(4a) I panicked when my computer hung.

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